https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/home-2 daily 1.0 2019-05-02 https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/life-long-learning daily 0.75 2019-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552492446658-BE17D0JFOXHGMK1LYVBP/life_long_learning.jpg Life Long Learning Review To visit Sun City Carolina Lake’s website, click here. https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/contact daily 0.75 2019-04-22 https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/intro-page daily 0.75 2020-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552391744175-9H7ZR4VLPJUZRPIER1TC/battle_1.jpg Intro Page Painting by Don Troiani depicting July 2, 1863 at “Cemetery Ridge” Gettysburg. Only 47 of 262 members of the 1st Minnesota unit survived their effort that stopped a Confederate advance on the Union’s line. Permission for use of the painting granted by the artist. https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/civil-war-interest daily 0.75 2020-11-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556136332901-5ZVKMA7ION7MUP3LP3U6/grant+2+copy.jpg Civil War Interest Genera Ulysses S. Grant https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556376883291-1HA719G43346XYSMNFS1/musgrove%25252Bmill%25252B3.jpg Civil War Interest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556304310257-0CKFTSLJVDV2DT55GSVA/letterman.jpg Civil War Interest Jonathan Letterman, M.D. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556635526496-NEX7WHI993YYIJ30E6FL/Hammond.png Civil War Interest Surgeon General William Hammond, M.D. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1566451036195-4475NELWISIYWTI5X8DL/SBB_1647.jpg Civil War Interest Stone marking site of fallen tree at “Bloody Angle” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556389206375-F3UEEI8KR3O73MVF4B6R/Tree_trunk_1.jpg Civil War Interest Stump from fallen tree at the Battle of the “:Bloody Angle” on display in the Smithsonian Institute https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556305785467-9HKZQTDP365LTIWS32BN/hammond%27s_contribution.png Civil War Interest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556246943510-G1FFG55IFEDSS4PQCN5K/ww2_re_letterman.png Civil War Interest Letterman’s contributions appreciated during WW II https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556132311667-BF5XUWPS8N7T442868GL/Battle_of_Spottsylvania_by_Thure_de_Thulstrup%5B1%5D.jpg Civil War Interest “Battle of Spotsylvania” by Thure de Thulstrup https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556345533459-5LR5RO2R8KHFNDLEAFCC/Kings-Mountain+fight.png Civil War Interest Battle of Kings Mountain-Patriots versus Loyalists & British https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553097694013-4DWTOO3CP0H0SC42BIET/Chimborazo-model.jpg Civil War Interest Model of Confederate Chimborazo Hospital, Richmond, VA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1566451142424-ROM2WLD3U11M7ZR7KD9M/SBB_1642.JPG Civil War Interest “The stone marking the fallen tree is in the distance on the horizon. Photo shows the area behind and on the right side of fallen tree where the McGowan Brigade fought at the “Bloody Angle.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556376925607-XN55D1NDYMDBCDYRGWDF/Kings%2BMtn%2Bsign.jpg Civil War Interest https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556305679747-UM1ASRLJ4KM2M7Y9K6V9/Fort%2BDelaware.jpg Civil War Interest Fort Delaware https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1566451658054-X6LRY26SHZT1EFXP7B7G/SBB_1655.jpg Civil War Interest Caption on posterior of the monument to the McGowan Brigade. There are very few monuments on the Spotsylvania Battlefield compared to other battlefields. It has been said the battle of the “Bloody Angle” was so horrendous the survivors did not want monuments erected to remember it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556374180893-QX4C3M4DW7Y65551RD7G/Prisoners+arriving+at+Fort+Delawware.jpg Civil War Interest Confederate prisoners arriving at Fort Delawware https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556336771853-S7KE0RDOM9NT9Y19TKVW/Ambroise_Par%C3%A9.jpg Civil War Interest Ambroise Pare, French Surgeon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553467946999-0H4N94ARMKS1QF2L0ZB2/pistol+_bible.JPG Civil War Interest Great grandfather’s pistol & Bible https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556061018318-TUT4RJS04NKREPI1N31U/WL%2BWaters%2BGrave%2B005.jpg Civil War Interest William Landon Waters’ grave at Beth Eden Lutheran Church https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556304392795-5JCS5QXQ395BSAUS6KRM/letterman_staff.jpg Civil War Interest Letterman’s staff at Gettysburg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556245634898-4YF9A5WSX6S7ZRNXPUYP/w_l_waters.jpeg Civil War Interest Great-granfather-William Landon Waters https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1569984644292-IE4U6ROQ4KYEYKQGO44F/image-asset.jpeg Civil War Interest U.S. Army Surgeons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556135996446-OLBQVY5ALJEM13KTKT5G/McGowans_front.jpg Civil War Interest Monument to Gregg/McGowan Brigade at “Bloody Angle,” Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/general-audiences daily 0.75 2019-06-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552318518236-ZKDLF240BH8JVFQX2ROR/Germ+Theory.png general audiences Lack of awareness of the “germ theory” (microbes cause infectious diseases) and sterility led to many deaths due to infection in the Civil War. Pasteur and Koch proved that microorganisms were the cause of infectious diseases shortly after the war. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552329859676-4M9NQZMBFG42RB8QUFCE/gettysburg_field_hospital.png general audiences Mortality rates from gun shot wounds improved significantly after Letterman’s introduced an Ambulance Corps for transporting the wounded and moved the field hospital to the division level for their treatment. His innovations, known as the “Letterman System,” was in full operation by the time the Battle at Gettysburg was fought https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553609376498-VB5I0E100KS8YI3WW2N8/ether_anesthesia.png general audiences Anesthesia was used extensively in surgical procedures during the Civil War: ether, chloroform, and a mixture of the two https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552328853965-YOT4MI5NF4VOE0V9K3QR/achilles.png general audiences Throughout the history of war many wounded were dependent on a comrade for medical assistance or were left in the field until the battle was over. This was also true at the beginning of the Civil War https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/civil-war-buffs daily 0.75 2019-06-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555340288626-SY3KMIKXL2J4LKV5VDC7/Woodys+Surgical+kit.JPG Civil War Buffs Confederate doctor’s surgical kit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553532663557-MHGKL2PZIVTNX2TSPPTF/flying_ambulances.png Civil War Buffs Dr Larrey introduced the “flying Ambulance” that could transport the wounded during the Napoleonic Wars https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556075065950-4IM1W1ECCSN4O81R9BJY/ww2_re_letterman.jpg Civil War Buffs The Letterman System was adopted by armies during the World Wars https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553609676059-GSZIOHNMRFX8FHRXFL5F/pierre_percy.png Civil War Buffs Dr. Percy introduced the use of trained stretcher bearers during the Napoleonic wars. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552334937897-4AF75O8HPQMTQ3BH94UC/general_imboden.png Civil War Buffs Robert E Lee commanded General Imboden to form a wagon train to transport approximately 11,000 Confederate wounded ahead of the retreat after the battle of Gettysburg. Their agony and suffering prompted his comment https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555340122015-A9MFR8K1U1B3XRFJPK3P/ambulance_crew.jpg Civil War Buffs A training drill for stretcher bearers and ambulance drivers. Early in the war ambulances were controlled by the Quarter Master and often used to transport supplies rather than the wounded. Letterman created the Ambulance Corps composed of trained personnel. Ambulances were then restricted to only transport the wounded. https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/medical-background daily 0.75 2019-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553539241334-HR9T0G0ZJWYI4W5WFFQY/woody_pix_2.jpg Medical Background Dr. Sherwood W. Barefoot, Jr. https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/cw-round-table daily 0.75 2019-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553538450035-1KJLJ25OL7D2KQXAGECU/outer_banks_civil_war.png Civil War Round Table https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/curriculum-vita daily 0.75 2019-04-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554143442659-YRBMETVMMDKZ4OV67XOY/woody_CV_pg4.jpg CV https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554143518775-WTQN6FGGXZK5YWMNK4M2/woody_CV_pg5.jpg CV https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554143350358-RUUQSHJ0YB0Z105JZY1A/woody_CV_pg3.jpg CV https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554143251677-NPJST9CHQ3YDK31LQE4W/woody_CV_pg2.jpg CV https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554143139103-FL1AK5D75RSTCELPW71D/woody_CV_pg1.jpg CV https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/medical-professionals daily 0.75 2019-06-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552412196458-XZWMP1J9OZFK7Z7QI2PI/stab_wounds.png Medical Professionals Prior to introduction of gunpowder in warfare, piercing weapons had relatively low mortality rate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556076333923-P3L5S70T2MDQ511U0458/ww2_re_letterman.png Medical Professionals The Letterman system proved to be successful and used in World Wars https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553527664662-Z9YNM242W4L0MDHBRCDR/gun_wounds.png Medical Professionals Introduction of gun powder resulted in more extensive injuries and increased mortality rates https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1552412026308-QS38E3H2LQBUXAW0GJVL/19th_century_achievements.png Medical Professionals https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553613070785-WGZLRUYPKKAH4LH80P3W/amput_limbs.png Medical Professionals So many amputations were performed during battles that there was not enough time to properly dispose of amputated limbs. This was a common site at Civil War hospitals. https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/setup-fees daily 0.75 2019-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553462814305-35ASYFNPVGRBFQ9XZS50/woodys_surgical_kit.JPG Set up & Fees Confederate surgeon’s surgical kit https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/metrolina-cw-roundtable daily 0.75 2019-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553104704047-4CI6391TU0O1AZDT3WT5/charlotte_metrolina_roundtable.png Charlotte Metrolina CW RoundTable https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/civil-war-synopsis daily 0.75 2019-06-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553695060083-Y52IBPGZ4M2G29WKI269/disease_theory.png Civil War Medicine Medical theories of the ancients and their therapeutic practices persisted into the 19th century and the Civil War https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553611184318-I4QX0VR1JXUUND7ZHPRR/ben_rush.png Civil War Medicine Dr. Benjamin Rush’s medical beliefs involved older methods such as blood-letting and purgatives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553611022456-0IIA7IBPZ4Y9A3VL9ED7/letterman.png Civil War Medicine Dr Letterman improved battlefield ambulance (evacuation) and hospital services (treatment) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1553611246147-EYK5IHOAJNZMUM742T74/Hammond.png Civil War Medicine Dr William Hammond shifted medical practices toward scientific study and experimentation https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/civil-war-medicine daily 0.75 2021-08-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555180392282-5PBL6JI1EP6KJCEDXP92/gettybg_field+hosp.png Civil War Medicine Division level hospitals were staffed by qualified surgeons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1557072616217-K5THDC78L2RJIFBB3VG8/percy.png Civil War Medicine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556765477469-UTQSPDZE7DVKOV29MIFH/Howley+tribute+to+Letterman.png Civil War Medicine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1585867130052-Y9SUE04D6FW6PM74MSLX/lady+with+a+lanp+2.jpg Civil War Medicine Florence Nightingale checked on her patients at night and became know as “the lady with a lamp.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1560635064792-XV08WJJR7CZM3EDOHAJS/Promtheus+with+fire.png Civil War Medicine Prometheus bringing Fire from Heaven for the Benefit of Man https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555181284270-9V5RJ6AB8XN11VT2XMKZ/pavilion-2.jpg Civil War Medicine Pavilion hospitals provided ventilation with fresh air and emphasized strict hygiene. Some were designated as specialty hospitals https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1557335537202-YMW9AIDDS04C0VONRHEY/Achilles+attending+to+the+would+of+his+frined%2C+Patroclus+in+the+Trjasn+War.++From+an+ancient+Urn Civil War Medicine - Achille Achilles attending to the wounds of his friend, Patroclus. From an ancient Grecian urn. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554831328464-T7U7CVVT9WER0YSYQSTF/Bloodletting.jpg Civil War Medicine Venesection or “blood-letting” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555948456566-JAOH684OCIMU516504XU/Newton+%2522Giants%2522.png Civil War Medicine Medicine today stands on the shoulders of “giants” such as Drs Lettermen and Hammond https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556517742010-U11W253PP7KHYRV43JD4/Mortality+Rates.png Civil War Medicine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556335920644-SVPE31X0Z4H55UWEJEW9/ben_rush.png Civil War Medicine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556551024935-4E70PDXN4ETYHLBU5XH2/Great%2BSkedaddle.jpg Civil War Medicine The “Great Skedaddle” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554835937273-FSGADX10RQM250RUS18Z/Hammond.png Civil War Medicine William Hammond, M.D.; Surgeon General 1862-1864 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1560635940634-ISFQ8BKUB2AX2J3OV78E/Prometheus+bound+best.jpg Civil War Medicine Prometheus Chained to a Rock by Zeus. (The Artist is Anatomically Incorrect as the Liver is on the Right Side of the Abdomen, not the Left as Depicted) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554833937723-LVIAHJY1J26A5710KKDO/Botanical-medicine.jpg Civil War Medicine Botanical medications available during the Civil War https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556557341781-OAZJYIFC2F30IMMKLNU8/flying_ambul.png Civil War Medicine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556334844399-ULNIU97FD7776FPV5TKM/colossal_achieve.jpg Civil War Medicine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1556335076958-DEAEX67QHFDR7NG96AT6/letterman.png Civil War Medicine “Humanity teaches that a prostrate foe is no longer an enemy.” Letterman’s rational for giving medical aid to the enemy wounded. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1554828887174-9B6IKC5B3IPER6UYHLYX/ambul_crew.jpg Civil War Medicine Training ambulance crews and stretcher bearers https://www.civilwarmedicalhistory.com/civil-war-interest-1 daily 0.75 2019-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555183748157-INQ32R3XILM6AH6SNL49/Tree_trunk_1.jpg Civil War Interest Oak stump at Smithsonian riddled by bullets https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555184138143-XKGM865YN7RC7ZYZKBH0/w_l_waters.jpeg Civil War Interest William Landon Waters, my great grandfather https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555185356199-YCJ4B34QXFXZVU8GA4JY/grant-2.jpg Civil War Interest General Ulysses S. Grant answered Wm. Waters’ sister’s letter https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555185793364-A4JJWMXHCTYE1B3B2O5J/Kings+Battle+1.jpg Civil War Interest My history extends to the Revolutionary War Battle of King’s Mountain https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c801fb1b2cf79501faa1134/1555184387233-G2IQB2PHUZIEZHH9VD9H/Battle_of_Spottsylvania.jpg Civil War Interest “Battle of Spottsylvania Courthouse” by Thure De Thulstrup